Anorexia Nervosa and Bulimia :: Causes of Anorexia, Bulimia Nervosa

Anorexia Nervosa and Bulimia Anorexia Nervosa is an take disorder where people starve themselves. Anorexia usually begins in young people around the onset of puberty. Individuals pitiful from anorexia have extreme weight loss. Weight loss is usually 15% below the persons normal body weight. People suffering from anorexia are very boney but are convinced that they are overweight. Weight loss is obtained by many ways. Some of the common techniques used are excessive exercise, intake of laxatives and non eating. Anorexics have an intense fear of becoming fat. Their dieting habits develop from this fear. Anorexia nervosa is not associated with any pre-existing physical illness. It is on the increase in adolescent girls and younger women, although the incidence is also increasing in young men. It is often associated with depression and low self-esteem, and sometimes with a resistance to growing up, or problems with sexuality. Many medical checkup worke rs and others claim that the emphasis in Western society on thinness as being central to the concept of beauty is a prime occasion for the increase in anorexia nervosa. Because many individuals with anorexia nervosa never seek medical treatment, the exact prevalence of the condition is unknown. People with anorexia continue to think they are overweight point after they become extremely thin, are very ill or near death. Often they will develop strange eating habits such as refusing to eat in front of other people. Sometimes the individuals will prepare big meals for others while refusing to eat any of it. The disorder is thought to be to the highest degree common among whites, people of higher socio-economic classes, and people involved in activities where thinness is especially looked upon, such as dancing, modelling, and distance running. If you have a family member that with an eating disorder, they need a lot of support. Suggest that your family m ember see an eating disorder expert. Be prepared for denial, resistance, and even anger. A doctor and/or a counsellor can help them battle their eating disorder. There are many symptoms for anorexia, some individuals may not

Ludwig Van Beethoven :: essays research papers

Ludwig van Beethoven, a German composer, generally considered one of the greatest composers in the Western tradition. born(p) in Bonn, Beethoven was reared in to the capricious discipline of his father, a singer in the court chapel. In1789, because of his fathers alcoholism, the young Beethoven became a court musician in order to support his family. His early compositions under the tutelage of German composer Christian Gottlob Neefe, particularly the funeral on the death of Holy Roman Emperor Joseph in1790, signaled an important talent, and it was be after that Beethoven study in Vienna, Australia, with Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart. Although Mozarts death in 1791 prevented this, Beethoven went to Vienna in 1792, and he became a pupil of an Australian composer named Joseph Haydn.In Vienna, Beethoven blind the aristocracy with his piano improvisations. Meanwhile, he entered into increasingly favorable arrangements with Viennese music publishers. In composition he steered a middle cours e between the stylistic extravagance of German composer Carl Phillip Emanuel Bach and what the public had perceived as the overrefinement of Mozart. The broadening market for published music, enabled Beethoven to succeed as a freelance composer, a path that Mozart, a decade earlier, had found full of frustration.In the early decade of the 19th century, Beethoven renounced the sectional, loosely constructed style of works such as the popular Septet op. 20, for strings and winds, and turned to a fresh expansion of the musical language bequeathed by Haydn and Mozart. Despite his exaggerated claim that he had never learned anything from Haydn, he had gone so far as to seek additional instruction from German composer, Johann Georg Albrechtsberger. Beethoven soon revealed his complete soaking up of the Viennese classical style in every major instrumental genre. The majority of the works for which he is most readily remembered for today, were composed during the decade bound by the Sy mphony no. 3, a period known as his heroic decade.Beethovens fame reached its zenith during these years, but the steadily worsening hearing impairment that he had first noted in 1798 led to an increasing sense of social isolation. Gradually, Beethoven settled into a pattern of shifting residences, spending summers in the Viennese suburbs, and travel back to the city each autumn. In 1802 in his celebrated "Heiligenstadt Testament" a quasi-legal letter to his two brothers, he expressed his agony over his emergence deafness. After 1805, accounts of Beethovens eccentricities multiplied.

Womens Brain Essay -- Biology Essays Research Papers

Womens BrainWomen have smaller virtuosos than that of their male counterpart. Since the ability to think is partly determined by the size of the brain it is obvious to an dead on target researcher if I were to ignore the differences between the male and female brain. The question to be posed is, with the knowledge of the function of the human brain, can a scientist accurately determine if the differences in the way males and females perform various tasks is a biological phenomena, or rather as a result of social persuasion? all in all kinds of research have shown that the bigger the brain, generally, the smarter the animal. (1) However, as Emily Dickinson might agree, it is not the size of the brain that counts, but rather what is contained within the brain. Human male brains are, on average, well-nigh 10% larger than that of the female, but this is because of mens larger body size more muscle cells imply more neurons to control them. (3) If the size of the brain is not the determ inate factor of the differences between the male and female brain what is? Of special interest to researchers of this subject was the amount of gray matter, the part of the brain that allows us to think. The researchers precious to know if women have as much gray matter as men. (1) It would be logical to conclude that if there is less gray matter, the component of the brain associated with the thinking process, than obviously, biologically men and superior in intellect to women. However, as is the case with many biological researches, more questions arose than were answered. According to one psychology prof at the University of Pennsylvania, there is no difference in the amount of gray matter in men and women. To make up for the smaller brain size, women ... ...s. The semipolitical brain.http//www.home.aone.net.au/think/brainsx.html 3. 3Are There Differences between the Brains of Males and Females?,Intellectual differences among the sexes.http//www.epub.org.br/cm/n11/mente/eisntei n/cerebro-homens.html 4. 4Left/Right Brain?,Left or right brained.http//www.helpself.com/brain.htm 5. 5La Difference,Who is the intermit sex?http//www.nytimes.com/auth/login?URI=http//www.nytimes.com/books/99/07/11/reviews/990711.11holtlt.html&OP=bd2d6ebQ2FQ25Q7BDPqQ7DQ5BPPQ23DPPIQ7DQ24Q24F5xxQ5BQ7BNdQ7BQ25Q7DQ24Q24F5xxfxx_PQ51Q23Q51Q23f_Q23iQ51 6. 6Traumatic Tests Gender Bias and the SATs,SAT statistics.conclude that men are superior to women in intellect, right? Now I would not be a proud Bryn Mawr woman if I were to agree with this logic. However, I would not be http//home.earthlink.net/lfdean/sat.html

Essay --

Oprah Winfrey once said, The greatest discovery of both time is that a person can qualifying his future by merely changing his attitude (Flanagan 118). This quote is a testimony to her personal life. Born in 1954 whenever African Americans were still fighting for equality, Winfrey had racial discrimination to endure. Addition in ally, her family faced much economic hardship. During her childhood, Winfrey encountered physical and sexual abuse. Somehow, she persevered against all odds to become one of Americas most significant philanthropists. Oprah Winfrey is an inspiration to all because of her dexterity to conquer her adversities to attain any goal. Winfreys mother, Vernita Lee, was only 18 years old whenever she gave birth. Winfreys father, Vernon Winfrey, was unaware that he had a child until months by and by she was born. He was excluded from Winfreys life originally, for he was a soldier away in Mississippi. That meant that Oprah would be receiving care from her mother and grandmother in the deepest of poverty (Weston 13). Winfrey said, I am grateful for living in poverty because it makes success so much more rewarding (Dave and Oprah Recap). After a few years, Winfreys mother traveled to Milwaukee for a job opportunity as a maid. She left Winfrey under the sole supervision of her grandma, Hattie May Lee. Winfrey later said, I am what I am today because of my grandmother my strength, my sense of reasoning, everything (Weston 14). Hattie May had grown too sick to care for Winfrey, so she was sent to live with Lee in Milwaukee. Her new home was one room in a boardinghouse. Winfrey said, I felt like I was an outcast. I dont know wherefore my mother ever decided she wanted me. She wasnt equipped to take care of me. I was just an extra burden ... ...ty. She has transformed from the lowest of lows to the highest of highs, all by having faith and perseverance. She believed that she had a higher purpose in life, and that God was leading her on the path to c hange the world. In fact, her final words on the set of The Oprah Winfrey Show, To God be the glory (Flanagan 106). Though she stumbled on this path due to resentment and anger, she returned to her good ways with the stern love from her father and a second chance at life. Winfrey was able to achieve great things by believing in herself and in others. She has contributed millions of dollars to help women, families, and children to be supported in educational activity and in life. What makes Winfrey such a remarkable being is that she was able to overcome her adversities to achieve any goal. Her selfless acts are appreciated by the millions of people that she influences.

Religion vs. Rights: Which One Belongs In Schools? :: essays research papers

Religion vs. Rights Which One Belongs In Schools?     Before the government provided formal schools and programs of education, trust had been a major part of every persons education. As earth schools started, this principle of faiths continued with the practice of prayer before class and bible reading sessions (Burstein, 26). Were those actions taken in these classes constitutional, or did the practicing of religious activities deny people the freedom of religion guaranteed in the constitution? Many of those who find prayer and religion in school offensive say that it is a violation of their rights. Mr. Justice Black of the unite States Supreme Court, once said, "The First Amendment has erected a protect between the Church and State which must be keep high and impregnable" (Bosmajian, 7). Those in aliment of religious breedings in public schools see participation in theological activities as a chance to teach morals, community ethics, and peace ove r violence. Nevertheless, the work of those goals through the denial of basic rights is wrong. Todays society is, fast paced, competitive, and based totally on equality. Consequently, religion, whether it be denominational or not, has no place in the classrooms of todays public schools. The reasons for this position are the establishment article, the rulings of the Supreme Court, and the role that a school has in a community.     What is stopping this process of allowing prayer and schools to combine? The establishment clause is the main cause of this roadblock. The American public seems to think that the establishment clause, or religious freedom, means that personal beliefs can be instituted any place at any time. They feel that the courts interpretation of the clause not only takes God go forth of the lives of the students, but that the removal of religion also removes basic ethics and the teaching of morals (Gay, 65). This removal of ethics seems to have po ssibly caused the lack of respect for teachers and education as a whole. The courts say that this rights purpose is to create a wall that will separate the church from the state and that it will not and can not fall. This clause is the rock, on which they base all their decisions on, where they turn to figure out whether a violation of rights had occurred. To put this idea into more simple terms, the purpose of the anti-prayer position is that the government does not want to specifically support, show preference of, or exclude and particular religion or denominational sect (Burstein, 28).

Religion vs. Rights: Which One Belongs In Schools? :: essays research papers

Religion vs. Rights Which One Belongs In Schools?     Before the government provided formal schools and programs of education, holiness had been a major part of every persons education. As prevalent schools started, this direction of faiths continued with the practice of prayer before class and bible reading sessions (Burstein, 26). Were those actions taken in these classes constitutional, or did the practicing of religious activities deny people the freedom of religion guaranteed in the constitution? Many of those who find prayer and religion in school offensive say that it is a violation of their rights. Mr. Justice Black of the unify States Supreme Court, once said, "The First Amendment has erected a groin between the Church and State which must be keep high and impregnable" (Bosmajian, 7). Those in control of religious beliefs in public schools see participation in theological activities as a chance to teach morals, community ethics, and peace over violence. Nevertheless, the exercise of those goals through the denial of basic rights is wrong. Todays society is, fast paced, competitive, and based totally on equality. Consequently, religion, whether it be denominational or not, has no place in the classrooms of todays public schools. The reasons for this position are the establishment article, the rulings of the Supreme Court, and the role that a school has in a community.     What is stopping this process of allowing prayer and schools to combine? The establishment clause is the main cause of this roadblock. The American public seems to think that the establishment clause, or religious freedom, means that personal beliefs can be instituted any place at any time. They feel that the courts interpretation of the clause not only takes God show up of the lives of the students, but that the removal of religion also removes basic ethics and the teaching of morals (Gay, 65). This removal of ethics seems to h ave possibly caused the lack of respect for teachers and education as a whole. The courts say that this rights purpose is to create a wall that will separate the church from the state and that it will not and can not fall. This clause is the rock, on which they base all their decisions on, where they turn to figure out whether a violation of rights had occurred. To put this idea into more simple terms, the purpose of the anti-prayer position is that the government does not want to specifically support, show preference of, or exclude and particular religion or denominational sect (Burstein, 28).

SWOT Analysis of Tesco

One of the strengths of Tesco is both smashings and mall environment have high standard of quality control. The goods provided in Tesco is many, for example periodical necessities. Tesco have market presence in the world each Tesco has sufficient and diversification goods to satisfy the customers. Tesco has an own stockroom to keep the stock. Tesco has a system of place to place the goods. Customers can get their goods immediately without ordering. Clean and comfortable environment of Tesco also attracts many customers to buying goods at there.Besides, the customers of Tesco are satisfied that they get treasure for their money. Tesco guarantees this by Price check survey, Club card scheme and Tesco range products. For the workers inside the Tesco, they are taught ways to serve customers politely and how to fulfill the need of customers successfully. Tesco is good in marketing expertise too. Tescos format of stores such as extra, home plus, superstores, express and teso. com gives the consumers the convenience and they are highly respected by the consumers.Weaknesses. The weaknesses of Tesco are that it is quench largely dependent on UK for its sales. it is doubtful if it will support fair-trade cotton clothing objectives. The business model that Tesco is using is suitable for UK and not for the rest of the world. even though Tesco sales are growing from low priced items there is fall in sale of non-essential and high priced products. If fair-trade cotton clothing are perceived as non-essential, its sales objectives will not be achieved. Tesco has suffered from bad debt, credit card arrears and household insurance claims. This is financially debilitating.Opportunities Tesco can exercise a high decimal point of buying power to ensure that it has economies of scale in its fair-trade cotton clothing line. The growth opportunities n Europe and Asia provides nice opportunities for growth. Most importantly, the growth of online sales shows excellent opportunity for increasing the sales of Tesco. For example, growing online shopping in the UK. In Germany cotton clothing has good opportunity because it has the endorsement of Tesco brand it has the marketing bring of Tesco, and the backing of an excellent product mix.If fair-trade cotton clothing offers a good product for money it will get a good reception in Germany. Threats There are some competitors exist in market to substitute Tesco. Giant is an example. Giant provides Daily necessities too. In fact, Giant is not famous than Tesco in both goods and service. The goods sold in Tesco is many and even cheaper than Giant, but Giant is the one of competitors for Tesco. Besides, government regulation is one of the threats. For example, when government increase the food or goods cost, it will affect the customer of Tesco decrease.

Discipline in School and at Home Essay

Some times, when people hear the words discipline, they picture kids g 1 wild. We did use gentle discipline. And in inform and fireside pull in to a calm, peaceful feel to it. We also had a lot of fun. A lot of the preparatory works down to follow where discipline was concerned. We have to use to teach care of self, care of the environment, control of movement, and grace and courtesy. The signified of order, ability to concentrate, and self-discipline gained from those activities made all our later life easier. It helps our life be more than polite to teachers and parents as well as to others.We believed in following God, respecting unrivalled another(prenominal), being responsible, and doing our best. We can use demonstrations to show them how to treat one another and even how to respect others property. We learn how to treat our toys, books, and learning materials with care. We studied religion and used many character-education lessons and books. Discussions about values we re common in our home. Current query demonstrates that quality relationships with adults and peers make a tremendous difference for young people.A palpate of connection or belonging is an important protective factor. Students who perceive a sense of connectedness or community at civilize and/or home are less likely to engage in risky behaviors (smoking, apply drugs, engaging in violence). They are also more likely to be successful academically. Young people who grow up in families that they perceive as both kind and firm are more likely to thrive. Positive Discipline teaches parents and teachers how to be kind and firm at the said(prenominal) time and how to draw a sense of connection from the youngsters they are involved with.The approach is neither permissive nor punitive. Positive Discipline is an effective way for parents, teachers and students to learn life skills and earn a sense of community and connectedness based on mutually respectful relationships. Even though we didnt follow a schedule rigidly, we have a schedule or rhythm for our days. more important, we have to the stability of parents and teachers who loved us and each other and spent a lot of time with us. Freedom within limits is a very important in our school and home.While freedom to follow our interests help us experience success and independence, the limits were highly important as well. We only enjoy the amount of freedom what we could handle responsibly. PROBLEMS pic Some basic statistics create a picture of the problem. More than 30% of gist school students report being victimized three or more times by peers over the course of one year. In a refresh of high school students nationwide, the Center for Disease Control found that 17. 4% of students had carried a weapon (e. g., a gun, knife, or club) on one or more days in the month preceding the survey.Male students (29. 3%) were significantly more likely than female students (6. 2%) to have carried a weapon. CDC 2001 data. 1 The same survey showed that 6. 6% of high school students had missed one or more days of school during the 30 days preceding the survey because they matt-up unsafe at school or on their way to or from school. (CDC) During the 12 months preceding the survey, 19% of high school students had seriously considered attempting suicide (14.8% had a specific plan).Female students (23. 6%) were significantly more likely than male students (14. 2%) to have considered attempting suicide. (CDC) Nearly one half (47. 1%) of students nationwide had consumed one or more drinks of alcohol on one or more of the 30 days preceding the survey (i. e. , current alcohol use). And 30% inform episodic heavy drinking in the month prior to the survey (5 or more drinks on one or more occasions). (CDC) 1CDC Youth watchfulness data available at CDC website http//www. cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/ss5104a1. htm pic.HOW TO SOLVE THE PROBLEM The techniques used in Positive Discipline have been shown to have a po sitive equal on schools. A withdraw of a school-wide implementation of classroom meetings in a lower income Sacramento elementary school over a four-year check showed that suspensions decreased (from 64 annually to 4 annually), vandalism decreased (from 24 episodes to 2) and the teachers reported great improvement in classroom atmosphere, behavior, attitudes and academic performance.(Platt, 1979) A study of a parent and teacher education program directed at parents and teachers of students with maladaptive behavior apply the tools used in Positive Discipline, showed a statistically significant improvement in the behavior of the students in the program schools when compared to the control schools. (Nelsen, 1979). Smaller studies examining the impacts of specific Positive Discipline tools have also shown positive results. (Browning 2000, monkey around 1999, Esquivel). At Home The young persons sense of connectedness with his or her family is associated with positive outcomes.A na tional study of 12,000 adolescents showed that a sense of connectedness with their family was protective against every health risk behavior except history of pregnancy. (Resnick et. al. 1997) The questions asked of the teens in this large study included whether or not the teen mat wanted or loved by family members, whether they perceived caring by their mother or father, how many activities they engaged in with either parent in the previous week, and enate presence during different times of the day. b) At School.A young persons sense of connectedness with school or sense of community in school is associated with positive social and academic outcomes. As above, there is a strong correlation with a students wisdom of being connected and the sense of community with academic and social well being. This has been examined by numerous researchers. Resnick, et. al. (1997) asked students questions such as Do you feel that teachers treat students fairly? Are you close to people at your s chool? Do you feel part of your school? He found that a sense of connectedness to school was protective against health risk behaviors. These findings are consistent with those of Goodenow (1993) who found a relationship between the students sense of belonging and their academic achievement and motivation. CONCLUSSION This was probably one of the most important parts of disciplinary approach. We respected our teachers and parents. Teachers and parents also respect their students and child with their opinions. As we grow older, we should be more decision-making responsibility.We felt respected and didnt have a need to rebel because we know we would consider our responsible, well-thought-out ideas. For example, when I was in third grade or so, I had the choice of how to handle my schoolwork before a week-long trip during the school year. I decided to do two weeks-worth of work in one week, working day and evening to give myself a week off during my trip. When there was a behavioral problem, we often used logical consequences. Even though we had a schedule, we didnt follow the clock exactly. Our schedule is more assignment or project based.If we procrastinated in completing our work for the day, the logical consequence was that our school day lasted longer until our assignments were finished. The interventions included using class meetings, a constructivist curriculum, a focus on meaningful work and team building. In schools that successfully utilise the program the sense of community increased. More interesting perhaps was that examined individually, students with a higher sense of community were found to accept the established norms of the school, whatever those were.In longitudinal studies the researchers found that students coming from schools that had implemented the program to increase a sense of community and work for higher- level thinking, did better than their classmates from comparison schools when they arrived at middle. There is some evidence that a sense of community among staff members may be an important precursor to the development of a sense of community among students. (Royal and Rossi, 1997) Not surprisingly, modeling appropriate relationships among the adults seems to support students in developing appropriate interpersonal relationships.Teachers sense of community is also related to their job satisfaction and effectiveness. There are many, many studies (not individually cited here) that show that parental involvement is related to school success. Interestingly, when more closely examined, authoritative parenting is strongly related to parental school involvement and academic encouragement, both of which are associated with school success. The positive impact of school involvement is significantly less if the parent does not also have a kind and firm parenting style.

Recent Salary top ups Controversies in Ireland Essay

Of late, the issue concerning salary has been very controversial in Ireland. Early this yr, several(prenominal) controversies relating to salary top-ups at charities tolerate erupted in Ireland leading to a total damage glowering the sector. As a result of these controversies, few issues which be untamed to the sector have emerged. Researchers and s arrestholders have been worried by issues much(prenominal) as duration and the extent to which these issues go forth last and their relative impacts to various charities. There are some charities in the country specifically identified as donations or otherwise funding sources that are used in improving executives salaries. As a result of these issues, volume of innocent bystanders are correspondently to experience a negative impact found on guilt by association. The question that majority are asking themselves is, what the future holds and how they can improve it.The question paper is mainly social organizationd into two m ain categories that are used in describing the structure of the project. The first part involves the search part of the project. While the import part captures the application involving techniques and the methods used when carrying out the research. However, the first part enhances the researchers sagacity on the recent controversies relating to salary top-ups at charities in Ireland and the emerging issues. It comprises of research definition, strategy, design and methodology used to provide a clear understanding of the report. The second part covers the broader part of the report taking the application approach. This part includes the sampling methods applied, instruments used in the research, the proposed entropy analysis techniques, the budget and timeline for the research estimates.Since the start of the year 2014 and slightly on that point before, the issue relating to top-ups salary dis cast offation has rampantly emerged in Ireland. The issue concerning the recent cont roversies make majority of Irish nation to become less(prenominal) likely to donate to charity. This is according to the latest report of Ipsos, Irish times and MRBI opinion poll. The poll also discovered that voting age population brought a total opposition. They are opposing the practice of utilize donations in paying top-ups of the executives salaries in the charity sector (Scarrow 2009 pp.193-210). The Irish government discovered that this move volition negatively affect the sector and cause a negative experience to the innocent bystanders. Majority of citizens are un leave aloneing to jump out the sector and thus threatening to cancel their donations. The call for yhe research project was to address the issue and discover its future prosperity and strategize on how to improve it.1. Research definition Research comprises of an undertaken yeasty work on a systematic basis with an aim of increasing the stock of knowledge (Valbuena 2009 p.27). It includes the knowledge of a given scenario, society and culture, and the use of such knowledge to devise new applications. It is used to confirm or establish facts, reaffirm the previous work results, solve existing or new problems and patronage theorems. A research project can take the chassis of an expansion on past field work. Research takes different jumps such as scientific research, research in the humanities, and artistic research. Scientific research involves application of scientific methods to harness curiosity. It gives scientific theories and information that explains properties and the nature of a given scenario. Research touch on with humanities involves methods such as semiotics and hermeneutics. It a form of research that explores exposit and issues surrounding a scenario, but non searching for an ultimate set answer to a question. Artistic research also referred to as practice-based research takes form when creative work is put into consideration both the research reject and the res earch itself.The recent controversies in Ireland concerning salary top-ups are humanitarian issues. Research in the humanities is the best form of research used as it entails details and issues surrounding a scenario, but not giving a specific answer to a question. Other methods were excluded on the basis that they are not based on exploring a scenario. Through the research carried out, it was discovered that 96% of the respondents opposed the use of donations to top-up the salaries of the executives. The remaining had different stands as 2% felt it was acceptable plot of ground the other 2% had no opinion. The research spanned all regions, classes and party affiliations. On the issue concerning charity, 69% withdrew their likelihood of donating, 23% argued that it will make no difference, 4% found the question irrelevant as they do not contribute and 4% had no opinion. There was a similar response from people in all regions, classes, and supporters of groupings and political parti es. The research was conducted for two days using a representative sample of 1,000 voters from all constituencies.1.1 Drop in donations The research confirmed that Ireland fundraising professionals were claiming that there was a drop of 40% in the charity donations. This was as a result of top-up payments controversy (Harvey 2012 pp.2008-2012). The umbrella professional fundraisers group claimed that they were constantly receiving phone calls from people who wanted to cancel their donations. Anne Hanniffy the HSE Chief Executive Officer, argued that salaries top-ups using donations was having a devastating effect on the sector. She claimed that revelations were a million miles from experiences and activities of most organizations, but it revealed that all charities were tarred using the same brush. This scenario lands the most serious period that the Irish non-profit sector is facing. Organizations are extremely concerned that people who are least able to survive without their support like disabled people, sick children and needy families will be most affected by the existing crisis.Despite the organizational opinions concerning the existing crisis of salary top-ups, wellness Service Executives (HSE) and other organizations called upon the government to address the issue (Moran 2012 pp.137-147). Mr. Bell also warned the government that if this issue of pay top-ups was not addressed on equitable basis, it would bring a lot of challenges when trying to address different reforms.Different arguments has risen in Ireland concerning the controversial issue of salary top-ups using donations. The head of Ireland fundraising claimed that HSE used that a small portion of charities to meet its executives salary. She argued that top-up payments were not an issue as they totally relied on fundraising. She also claimed that it was difficult to reveal whether the recent surrounding controversy will have an effect to the sector. Central Remedial Clinic (CRC) confirmed that they have been recently using public donations to top-up their executives salaries. They are given financial support by a separate company cognize as supporters and friends of Central Remedial Clinic.2. Research strategy A research strategy refers to a plan of reach that gives direction to a persons effort, thus enabling one to conduct a systematic research (Denzin 2010 pp.1-28). It involves discovering new ideas, thinking actively concerning the ideas and running(a) with them. On a research strategy, a researcher may use the existing information and draw up his or her own conclusions, integrate and compound original ideas concerning the current scenario. Research strategies are of different forms such as non experimental that has no explicit manipulation, and experimental which manipulates some factors of a given issue. The Irish scenario applies experimental strategy as there are some factors surrounding the situation. They need to be manipulated and come with soluti ons to the existing issues. Non experimental is excluded on the basis that it does not allow factor manipulation. In a labor party national conference held at Killarney, social protection ministers daughter Ms Burton revealed that donated bills used by CRC to top-up salaries was extremely disturbing (Edwards 2009 pp.595-615). During the meeting, Ms Burton demanded some issues to be made clear. Some of the issues to be manipulated include organizations to come out and straighten out the disclosed issues, CRC to provide its fundraising details and their addition sources of income, lastly CRC was expected to give an account of how they have spent that money. She also emphasized that the public needed an assumption that their money generously donated to charities were used for the correct purpose.The internal audit carried out last year concerning HSE revealed that almost 250, 000 was spent annually (Crilly 2013 p.8). The money was used to run for allowances of six senior executives , in addition to their state-funded salaries. These allowances utilized by the CRC were termed as unauthorized and that they have breached the pay policy of the public sector. The clinic has also been accused of misusing the funds donated to vulnerable adults and children. The company had 14 million in total funds at the end of year 2011 when it stopped giving services to the less inner in the society. Instead of directing the money to the children and adult care, the clinic invested the money on capital projects. On the issue regarding salaries of the senior organizational members, the clinic revealed that since 2009, they agreed with HSE to increase the salaries of 9 individuals at the management level.3. Research methodology and design Methodology refers to a systematic, theoretical analysis of the applied methods to a field of study (Eiben 2012 pp.582-587). It, typically and encompasses concepts like theoretical model, paradigm, phases and qualitative or quantitative tech niques. It is not set to provide solutions but to provide a theoretical underpinning for elaborating the best method can be used. On the other hand, research design is the overall strategy chosen to integrate different study components in a logical and a pellucid way (Parahoo 2010 p.142). It ensures effective ways of addressing the research problem. It is the blueprint for the measurement, collection and data analysis. Research design is broadly categorized into descriptive research, exploratory research, Qualitative research and non-experimental research.3.1 Exploratory research Polit et al (2011 p.19) argued that explorative research is carried out when investigating a new area or when a little information is known about the area of interest. It is used to investigate nature of a phenomenon and other related factors.3.2 Descriptive research According to Grove and Burns (2009 p.201), it is a form of research designed to reveal a picture of a given scenario as it happens naturally. It can be used to justify recent practices, make judgments and spring up theories.3.3 Qualitative research According to Grove and Burns (2009 p.19), it is a systematic subjective approach applied to describe situations and life experiences. It is also a form of social enquiry focusing on how people make and interpret sense of their experience and their living world.3.4 Non-experimental research It is used in studies with an aim of describing a situation where it is unethical for independent variables to be manipulated (Polit 2009 p.178). It is a suitable research of studying people in nursing sector.The research project concerning the recent scenario in Ireland applied exploratory research. It is used by researchers when they want to produce hypotheses of what is happening in a situation. The recent controversies concerning salary top-up in Ireland needs to be explored. This will minimize the existing misappropriation of funds between organizations and their se nior management. Some of the organizations like CRC have been misusing donations contributed to help vulnerable people in the society to other projects. The other research designs were excluded by the fact that the scenario required exploration but not coming up with a specific answer.4. Sampling methods They are categorize as either non probability or probability. In a probability case, each item of the population has a non-zero probability of being selected. It involves random sampling, severalize sampling, and systematic sampling. Non probability sampling includes convenience sampling, judgment sampling, snowball sampling and quota sampling. The research based on the recent controversies in Ireland took a stratified sampling. In this form, a subset of population is selected who are believed to have at least one characteristic in common. The research was carried out in specific areas where people with similar characteristics are expected to disclose certain information. For instance, in the labor party national conference held at Killarney, CRC senior management were ordered to disclose their sources of pay and money obtained through donations. They were also to give an account of how they have spent that money. Other alternatives were excluded as the scenario involved a specific group but not the whole population.5. Instruments used in the research An instrument refers to a generic term used by researchers for a measurement device that may be in form of a test, survey, questionnaire, interview, a set of guidelines for observation, or a research tool (Voss 2012 pp.195-219). In the Ireland scenario of salaries top-ups controversies, some different research instruments have been put into consideration. During the background research, questionnaires and interview were applied when obtaining peoples opinions concerning the recent issue. An interview was also carried out when CRC senior management was requested to give an account of how they have spe nt donated money.6. Proposed techniques in data analysis Data analysis refers to a process of cleaning, inspecting, transforming, and data modeling. This is carried out with an aim of discovering useful information, coming up with conclusions, and living the process of decision making (Gorski 2009 p.759). It is a multiple approaches and facets, encompassing different techniques under a variety of names. Data analysis is done using two major techniques namely univariate and multivariate analysis. Multivariate analysis is the proposed technique for the research project. This technique gives a wider variety of opinions as it involves multiple measurements. Univariate is excluded on the bases that it is focused on a single variable and the research involves different variables.7. Estimated budget and timeline for the research Every research project needs to be economical and timely. The above research is estimated to take at least 3-4months. This will facilitate quick actions being taken to address the issues surrounding the charity sector before it collapses. The project will be more economical considering the existing financial issues in the countries. Considering all matters at hand, the project has an estimated budget of 1.2 million.In conclusion, the recent controversies in Ireland need to be addressed urgently before the whole charity sector collapses. Research has revealed that majority of the Irish citizens are unwilling to continue supporting the sector. The move to top-up executives salaries has made people to lose hope with the sector. Many organizations such as CRC have taken the advantage of the issue to divert vulnerable money to capital projects. A global humanitarian assistance report of July 2010 ranked the country as the fourth most generous in per citizen donations. To maintain this, the government needs to take substantive actions to solve the problem.ReferencesEiben, G. M., Hammond, S., & Schaw, C. (2012). Research methods in psycho logy. London Sage Publications.Valbuena, J., & Shaver, P. R. (2009). Handbook of attachment theory, research, and clinical applications (2nd ed.). New York Guilford Press.Parahoo, W. K. (2010). E-learning by design (2nd ed.). San Francisco, CA Pfeiffer.Mann, T. (2010). The Oxford guide to program library research (3rd ed.). New York Oxford University Press.Denzin, R., & Kumar, R. (2010). The long view from Delhi to define the Indian grand strategy for foreign policy. New Delhi Academic Foundation in association with Indian Council for Research on International Economic Relations.Northern Ireland. (2009). London Labour Party.Symposium programme. (2011). Dublin Central Remedial Clinic.Harvey, C. H. (2012). The act for the more effectual application of eleemosynary donations and bequests in Ireland (7 & 8 Victoria, cap. xcvii) with explanatory notes on the several sections. London J.W. Parker.Voss, B. G. (2012). Discourse as a normative instrument analysis of mental illness on a dis ability services discussion list. Columbia, Mo. University of Missouri-Columbia.Gorski, W. L. (2009). Microsoft Excel Data Analysis and Business Modeling. New York OReilly Media, Inc.Grove, E.& Burn, R . (2009). Adventures in social research data analysis using IBM SPSS statistics (7th ed.). Los Angeles Pine Forge Press.Polit et al. (2011). Collaborative interdisciplinary team teaching in Japan a study of practitioner and student perspectives. Australia Macquarie University. microbe document

Describe the global distribution of earthquakes Essay

According to plate tectonics, the global distribution of epicentres is related to boundaries between lithospheric plates. Earthquakes at plate boundaries are called interplate temblors. slight commonly, quakes also take attribute in plate interiors and these are called intraplate quakes. The most active region in the world corresponds to the margins of the Pacific Ocean. Earthquakes with capacious magnitudes take place along this zone in the Americas from the Aleutian Islands to southern Chile and from the Kamchatka peninsula in Asia to New Zealand.Besides shallow earthquakes, throughout most of this long region, intermediate and profoundly shocks take place along the margin of Central and South America and on the other side of the Pacific along the systems of island arcs (Aleutians, the Kuriles, Japan the Philippines) Another large seismically active region is known as the Mediterranean-Alpine-Himalayas region and extends from West to einsteinium from the Azores to the easte rn coast of Asia. This region is related to the boundary between the plates of Eurasia to the North and Africa, Arabia, and IndiaAustralia to the South. Its seismicity involves shallow, intermediate, and mystifying earthquakes.A third seismic region is formed by earthquakes located on ocean ridges that form the boundaries of naval plates, such as the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, East Pacific Rise, etc. In these regions earthquakes of shallow depths are knockout in relatively narrow bands following the trend of the oceanic ridges. In general, boundaries between oceanic plates and between oceanic and continental plates maintain simpler distributions of seismicity than do boundaries between continental plates. Name deuce pieces of separate that can be used to show the dental plate of the hazard at any one place. Comment on the reliability of such evidence.The most well known method of measuring the intensity of an earthquake is the Richter scale. The Richter scale is named afterwards an American seismologist named Charles Francis Richter, and measures the amount of energy released at the focus of a quake. It uses a logarithmic scale that runs from 1 to 9. Be causa this scale is logarithmic, each play is actually an increase of ten times than the number which precedes it. Thus, a 7. 0 earthquake is ten times more powerful than a 6. 0 and degree centigrade times more powerful than a 5. 0. To allow a greater degree of precision, a decimal equivalent was provided.At one time it was believed that an earthquake with a magnitude of 8. 5 was the most powerful possible but new seismic measuring techniques have revealed that it is possible to reach 9. 5. This is reliable point of reference as to how destructive an earthquake can be, although it does not specifically relate to how much damage will be caused, for example a less economically developed state which has a high population density will suffer greater loss than a more economically developed area which has bette r education, more stable buildings and arrest plans as well as sufficient communication.The intensity of an earthquake is a more reliable source of evidence as to how destructive an earthquake has been. Intensity of an earthquake depends on the distance from epicentre, and also on the local soil conditions, geology and topography. In a typical case, however, the largest intensity is observed in the vicinity of epicentre and it diminishes with the distance. It measures the bring number of deaths and building failures.I believe this is more reliable as it measures the direct effect of the earthquake, for example, the total destruction of the land etc if directly proportional to the intensity and does not take into account the land use. Describe the make of the hazard in the areas where it occurs. How earthquakes affect humans, buildings, and link depends on many factors. The most important factors are earthquake magnitude, the distance from the earthquake centre (called the epicen tre), and the geologic conditions at a sitePrimary cause of earthquakes are caused directly by the earthquake and can include violent ground oscillation motion accompanied by surface rupture and unceasing displacement. The most significant societal impact of the Kobe earthquake was the tremendous loss of human life. In addition, for more than 300,000 survivors in the heavily impacted cities of Kobe, Ashiya, and Nishinomiya who were displaced from their homes, there were the hardships of conclusion shelter securing food and pissing locating friends and family members and getting warm clothing for the cold, damp winter weather.Although relatives and friends took some of the displaced people in, and others possessed the means to relocate to hotels, those requiring emergency shelter reached a peak of 235,443 on the evening of January 17. Many camped in public parks or assembled makeshift shelters from materials salvaged from the wreckage of their homes. The 1,100 shelters included community centres, schools, and other useable and undamaged public buildings. Facilities were too few to avoid severe crowding in some shelters, however, causing sanitation problems and increased risk of communicable disease.Indeed, two weeks after the earthquake, reports of influenza and pneumonia were common. Food, water for drinking and sanitation, blankets, and warm clothing were in short supply for at least the first few days after the earthquake, and many people from the hardest-hit wards made the long walk to the Nishinomiya Railway Station, journeyed to Osaka for necessities, then returned via rail with whatever they were able to transport by hand. Short-term secondary effects of earthquakes include liquefaction, landslides, fires, seismic sea waves (tsunami), and floods (following collapse of dams).Long-term secondary effects include regional subsidence or emergence of landmasses and regional changes in groundwater levels. Liquefaction is be as the transformation of water saturated granular material from solid to a liquid state. During earthquakes, this whitethorn result from an increase in pore water pressure caused by compaction during intense shaking. Liquefaction of near surface water saturated silts and guts causes the materials to lose their shear strength and flow.As a result, buildings may tilt or sink into the liquefied sediments tanks or pipelines buried in the ground may float to the surface. Also the pressure generate by the shaking, forces the sand to loose its cohesive strength and to work more like a dense liquid. This leads to buildings collapsing and for sand to explode onto the surface to create sand volcanoes and boils. Earthquake shaking commonly triggers many landslides (a comprehensive term for several types of hill slope failure) in hilly and mountainous areas. Landslides can be extremely destructive and cause great loss of life.Fire is a major secondary hazard associated with earthquakes. Shaking of the ground and surface displacements can break electrical power and louse up lines and ignite fires. The threat from fire is doubled because fire-fighting equipment may be damage and water mains may be broken. The major cause of death form earthquakes is collectible to the collapse of buildings. The number of buildings destroyed by the Kobe earthquake exceeds 100,000, or approximately one in five buildings in the strongly shaken area. An additional 80,000 buildings were disadvantageously damaged.The large numbers of damaged traditional-style Japanese residences and small, traditional commercial buildings of three stories or less account for a great deal of the damage. In sections where these buildings were concentrated in the outlying areas of Kobe, entire blocks of collapsed buildings were common. The fires following the earthquake also destroyed several thousand buildings. Discuss the degree to which the hazard can be predicted and managed. stiff management of geological hazards is still an exclusi ve object for countries throughout the world.Experience has shown that, even in the most technologically developed countries, much remains to be achieved. Although considerable advances have been made in the field of geological hazard anticipation, many geophysicists feel that accurate prognostic of earthquakes may no longer be regarded as an achievable goal. Increasingly scientists and hazard managers are turning their attention to improving and adapting buildings and infrastructures that will withstand earthquakes. Hazard mapping, and land use zoning have important parts to play in the reduction of losses from earthquakes.The proper co-ordination of community awareness, evacuation procedures and effective response by public services is acquiring a much higher profile as a result of shortcomings revealed in recent events such as the Kobe and Armenian earthquakes. Administration of aid and relievo programmes during the vital days after the occurrence of a disaster has often been c riticised, particularly in the less economically developed countries, and much more adequate use of resources is clearly required in many cases. Predictions of earthquakes are based largely on past patturns and generally tend to be imprecise.They are usually long term, and as we have seen, in the case of earthquakes it is unlikely that the location and magnitude of an event can be predicted with any accuracy. Forecasts are based on the evolution of an event through a series of stages that are increasingly well understood. In contrast to predictions, forecasts are often short-term and thus allege little time for effective warning to be given. Again little progress has been possible with seismic hazard forecasting. There has been considerable investment into the scientific prediction of earthquakes in areas such as the Kanto and Tokai regions of Japan and in California.In such densely urbanised and technologically complex areas the search for accurate prediction methods clearly just ifies research costs. Seismic variations in the San Andreas Fault are well known. The section around the town of Parkfield is currently the site for an ongoing seismic prediction experiment. It appears that slips occur along this section of the fault at fairly regular intervals, averaging out at 22 years. The window of occurrence for the latest slip and earthquake was between1987 and 1993, but no major seismic event has yet occurred.

Differences in People’s Perception of Reality in the Context of A Streetcar Named Desire by Tennessee Williams

The inadequacy of military mans ability to discern what is real amid complex situations is a factor that forces pack to have different meanings and views on all things existing. Heightened by peoples internal and immaterial scraps, the different perspectives of reality be proven to be an unconquerable source of combat in the society. The differences in peoples perception of reality transcend beyond the definition of a systemic psycho-social problem because such differences include opposing value systems, commit beliefs, social ethical codes and the omnipresent patriarchal ideology in the socieities.Such differences are all seen in gender issues as work force have their own hallucination of reality strengthened with their ethical and lesson constructs in which women are of inferior status. One insightful literature that exposes the differences in peoples perception of reality as a major source of divergence is the book titled A Streetcar Named Desire written by Tennessee Wi lliams. This book is a reflection of how patriarchy form dominant in the struggle against peoples incapacity to discern what is real. This book reveals the uncertainty of destiny and failure to cope with complex situations.The female quotations in the story, Blanche and Stella are ardent women who are controlled by their external and internal conflicts. These conflicts overshadow their strong desire for love and freedom making them vulnerable and susceptible to harsh attacks from the patriarchal society. The external conflicts that overpower the purport of Blanche are a valuable factors that give great contradictions to her. Economic background is superstar external conflict inherent in the character of Blanche. Even though she has noble features embedded in her personality, and a lofty social background, her destiny is doomed from the very beginning.This is because she is ignorant about how complex and wild life can be amid wealth and luxury. As Belle Reve, the family mansion has been traded in exchange for the epic fornications of their grandfathers, uncles, and their father, Blanche goes to Stellas refuge to start a new life however is failed to do so (Tennessee 2004). Her shift from high social status becomes her external conflict that weakens her against the male characters, the domineering Stanley and Mitch. She lives under the pressure of a failed status and failed wedding ceremony and the social rules in which Stanley is the tyrant.Living with Stella, Blanche fails to see the reality of the world that contrasts with her beautiful and luxurious dreams. Blanche fails to overcome the wildity of the real world because she has covered her eyes with horror, uneasiness, revenge and frustration. She never feel a way to face the virtue head on and all the she does is to take a detour and away from the world that she does not expect. The inner conflict existing in Blanche include her sexual involvement with strangers as the embodiment of her irrational indulgence for sex and caring for a lonely heart.The satisfactions of her desire has been the main context of her living and she will take no initiatives to suppress it. She makes her own reality by committing to take her passion to life while neglecting ethical standards and moral values. Her untamed tongue is a reflection that she would not take any negation and considerations when it comes to her desire. As for Stella, she fails to see the cruelty of her husband because her eyes are pointed only to one direction and one belief that her man cannot do such a thing because of love and commitment. Stellas external conflict is her marriage to her husband.She cannot face the harsh truth because she defines her marriage as fidelity and righteousness alone. She is blinded by her love and cannot see the several dimensions surrounding marriage such as lust. Another conflict in Stellas character is her economic role of making her own living (Tennessee 2004). Stella is so consumed with maki ng money and establishing her own life that she forgets to be sensitive to the unavoidably of her significant others. All that she cares for is her marriage and moneymaking. Stellas one vision of reality reflects a peaceful and successful marriage with Stanley whom she loves most and loves her faithfully in return.Her reality is built within the constructs of societys ethical and moral standards. Her whole life is controlled by fantasy to which she creates an unbreakable bond. The male characters in the story Mitch and Stanley represent lifes antagonistic feature that human beings tend to negate or consider as unreal. As the antagonists, they are the object of the assumption that conflicts arise when humans fail to recognize cruelty as part of llifes reality. The imperfection of the two characters substantiate the fact that Stella and Blanche are blinded by their illusions, fantasies and fulfillment of their desires.Stanley and Mitch bring the illusion of the female characters into fierce confrontation with the cruel reality. Mitch and Stanley also represent the dominance of patriarchy in conflicts. They have the edge in the conflict because they fulfill the illusion and dreams of Stella and Blanche while at the same duration make up the cruel reality of the female characters lives. Mitch and Stanley are the unconquerable force that lead to the external and internal conflicts of the female characters. Stella and Blanche tend to establish that men are solely owned by their worlds of dreams instead of considering them as objects of lifes reality.The differences in peoples perceptions of reality are determined by their external and internal conflicts. These differences create an externally conflict that may destroy personal relationships. Such differences arise when people focus on only one aspect or dimension of life instead of creating a holistic picture of lifes reality. The external and internal conflicts lead to such differences and bring constant sufferin g. The male antagonists symbolize tension and cruelty which are all part of life that tend to crush people emotionally and physically.

So what exactly is sexism

Sexism is the belief that rights and roles in ones society should be governed by ones sex. Historically, sexism has been male-driven and accompanied by a belief in the inferiority of wo custody. The new opportunities becoming available to women and men through the feminist movement will be beneficial to both. Men can become happier and more than fulfilled human beings by challenging the old-fashioned rules of masculinity that embody the assumption of male superiority. Traditional masculinity includes legion(predicate) positive characteristics in which men take pride and find strength, but it also contains qualities that have limited and harmed hem.I strongly support the continuing struggle of women for full equality. I belie such injustices to women as economic and legal discrimination, rape, domestic violence, sexual harassment, and many others. Women and men can and do work together as allies to miscellany the injustices that have so often made them see one another as enemies. One of the strongest and deepest anxieties of many American men is their fear of homosexuality. This homophobia contributes directly to the many injustices experienced by gay, lesbian and bisexual persons, and is a debilitating restriction for many heterosexual men.We should call for an nd to all forms of discrimination based on sexual-affectional orientation, and for the creation of a gay affirmative society. The enduring injustice of racism, which like sexism has long divided humankind into unequal and isolated groups, is of particular concern to me. racism touches all of us and remains a primary source of inequality and oppression in our society. I also acknowledge that many people be oppressed today because of their class, age, religion, and physical condition. I believe that such injustices are vitally connected to sexism, with its fundamental premise of unequal distribution of power.

Implications of War on Terrorism on Public Relations Essay

The present Iraq War and War on terrorism have brought new dilemmas for the governments and businesses. How can the companies and government involve themselves in creating a order of magnitude that is free of discrimination and respect personal freedoms. Even more important is how to avoid the pitfalls that turn out to be a public traffic nightmare. iodin example of such an incident was when British Airways asked an employee to remove the cross she was wearing. British News paper published the news with the headline British Airways allows Muslim headscarves, scarce not Christian symbols.The woman at the center of the debate decide to sue the airline and the British Airways had to retract its notice after the public dealings debacle that only brought it worldwide bad press. Former foreign Secretary, Jack Straw caused another furor by asking the Muslim women wearing veils, see his constituency surgery to remove their veils. In the present charged atmosphere, the simple request wa s seen as another attack on Muslim culture and British Muslims already feeling themselves cornered and persecuted made sure that the topic became a controversial subject.After all, Jack Straw is no Ayatollah Khomeini who has already told Iranian women to wear hijab (dress similar to that of catholic nuns) but not cover their faces with veils. The ensuing debate caused high tempers both among traditional Muslims as an attack on personal freedoms at superstar end and from the mainstream British on banning the veil in public. Jack Straw finally issued a statement that his request was merely a tinge to visiting constituency members and he did not insist on removal of veil.The war on terrorism and 7/7 tubes bombing has created a special use up to sooth the fears of law abiding British Muslims who have just about as much to do with the bombings as any other citizen or the Brazilian stab in the aftermath of 7/7 tube bombing Thompson et al, 2006. The law enforcement institutions also ha ve to ensure that the war-on-terrorism does not destroy the good public affinitys they have so laboriously built with all communities. The present world politics has necessitated a more sensitive handling of spiritual issues.Jews, Muslims, Sikhs and other religious minorities appear to have become incredibly sensitive and an important research issue is to survey how businesses varying from multi-national corporations to high street shops and industrial concerns have fain themselves to avoid public relations disasters like British Airways ban on wearing religious symbols at work. Political parties and public figures and celebrities also need to jell for being ethnically sensitive and religiously neutral.As a part of my 10 week research study I am proposing to survey the grandeur of religious symbols for our multi cultural society, investigate how the celebrities, public figures and industrial and business sector has prepared itself for the sensitivity of the present times. It wo uld also be of interest to see if only secular operating practices are acceptable and practical in a multi religious, multi cultural environment.The research is expected to prepare guidelines for various stakeholders to avoid public relation failures and unnecessary problems which result from over enthusiasm in this sensitive area.Bibliography 1. The Mail, (2006, Oct 16), Airline bans woman from wearing cross, Online Retrieved from Internet on 25 February 2007, cited in http//card. wordpress. com/2006/10/16/airline-bans-woman-from-wearing-cross/ 2. Guardian Unlimited, (2006, Oct. 05), Straw asks Muslim women to remove veil, Online Retrieved from Internet on 25 February 2007, cited in http//politics.guardian.co.uk/homeaffairs/story/0,,1888546,00.htmlarticle_continue

A 17th century audience Essay

The Tempest is full of magic and illusion. Consider the effect this would have on a 17th century audience and a 21st century audience. How might the magic and illusion be presented today? William Shakespeargon wrote The Tempest as a play. It was not intended for the text to be read by school children from a book. It was intended for performance in a theatre, where it would give enjoyment to an audience. One of the chief(prenominal) themes of The Tempest is magic. Prospero is a magician, a sorcerer, a wizard, someone with magical powers.He uses these powers to make lots of things cash in ones chips within the play. Indeed, the first scene focuses on the besiege that Prospero has created to cause havoc on the ship upon which his enemies are travelling. At the beginning of the play, the behave just seems like any other storm, with an unfortunate crew cosmos shipwrecked. By the end of Act 1, however, we discover that the storm was not a natural occurrence. Prospero conjured up the storm and deliberately picked out that ship. The audience get their first hint of this in Mirandas first lyric of the play.Miranda has watched the storm destroy the ship and she feels pity for the shipwrecked people. In her opening line, she asks her father if the storm is a crossroad of his magic If by your art, my dearest father, you have Put the wild waters in this roar, allay them. This shows that Miranda knows almost Prosperos magic. She may not know everything that he does with his powers, but she knows that he does have supernatural powers. This storm is the beginning of a plan that Prospero has thought up to wreak revenge on his enemies. The plan involves a lot of magic.After being stranded on the island for 12 years, Prospero has had time to perfect his powers and to dream up a plan, a plan that never could have taken place without the storm. Because of this, the initial storm has a massive impact on the rest of the play. It also gives the audience an idea of how strong Prosperos powers are. He is able to escort the elements, something that only God is supposed to be able to do. However, as we learn posterior on in the play, Prospero may be able to conjure up storms and illusions, but he cannot control human nature, and must rely on good luck when trying to make Ferdinand and Miranda to fall in love.

Assessing the Quality of the Financial Statements Essay

Reading the Financial Statements and Creating a Data File Our experience, and that of our students, is that detailed and thorough reading of the monetary educational activitys yields a great deal of education active the firm. The financial lines, the notes, and managements discussion and analysis provide valuable insights into the business strategies, profitability, and chance of the firm. Many firms explicitly disclose elements of the business that are performing well or poorly, also providing explanations ab knocked out(p) the performance.Many firms explicitly disclose projections of future business activities, such as expected future gross sales growth rates or capital expenditures, which are helpful information for projecting future financial statements. Analysts who do not carefully read the financial statements stand to miss this valuable information. After careful reading, the analyst should enter the financial statement data into a data file. unrivalled initial plec trum in creating a data file is whether to use the accounts and amounts that the firm provides in its Form 10-K or annual report to shareholders or to download and use amounts from various online sources or databases that format the amounts into a standardized guide. single advantage of following the first approach is that you rely on the primary source of the financial statements, not on a secondary source about which you may not know all of the reclassifications and adjustments make to confirm the describe amounts to the standardized template. Another advantage of following the first approach is that the financial statement data will be classified into accounts consistent with the notes to the financial statements, the main source of information for assessing the attribute of the reported amounts. The principal advantages of using amounts in a standardized template are that use of the template can save time and the financial statement amounts are reasonably comparable across f irms.The nigh decision to be made is whether to input the financial statement data into FSAP, a financial statement analysis package that accompanies this text, or to create a new spreadsheet file. The principal advantages of FSAP are that it provides spreadsheets that have enter formulas for the various profitability and risk ratios, it provides a template for preparing forecasted financial statements using the previously reported real amounts as a base, and it inputs the forecasted amounts into several valuation models to arrive at equity values.Assessing the Quality of the Reported Amounts One of the most important steps in financial statement analysis is to assess the quality of the reported amounts and make appropriate adjustments before proceeding to the analysis of profitability and risk. The saying garbage in, garbage out applies with particular importance to financial statements. To assess quality, you must read the financial statements and notes. Material nonrecurring o r ludicrous income items are candidates for adjustment. Significant off-balance-sheet assets or liabilities also are candidates. Some adjustments may be needed to change magnitude the comparability of the financial statement amounts for each of the firms analyzed in the term project.

Business Environment Essay

Business purlieu refers to the conditions prevailing in a society in which a furrow is to be shaped. It is defined as the total of all things external to headache firms and industries, which performance their organization and operation. The number and scope of surroundal situationors, which effect profession, is broad. There should be included all aspects of our social, scientific, economic, political and cultural life which shake off some intention upon business.Relationship of Environment to BusinessTo understand fully the nature of business, its structure, its organization and its behavior, one must deem not only at the business properly, but also at the environment within which business operates. More specifically, this means that business exists in surroundings external to its direct or operating components of firms and industries.The portentous elements of environment for a business house comprise persons, physical resources and climate, economic and market condition s, altitudes and laws of the land. These elements effect the cast of action of the company.Business and its environment interact. In our business-oriented society, business has influenced environmental conditions probably as much as or even more than environmental forces be withdraw shaped business.The firm depends upon its environmental conditions for the resources and opportunities necessary for its existence. The environment determines the limits of the firms activities. The environment contributes valuable resources to the business firm only if the firm provides the desired goods or run to the environment. A firm must look to public needs and attitudes remain sensitive to human values and wide awake to the social set up. Good businesses, therefore, are always responsive to the total environment in which they operate. scotch EnvironmentBusiness is considerablely influenced by the economy of the demesne. Its operational achiever depends upon an adjustment and meeting the re quirements of the economy. The of the essence(predicate) factors that are to be looked into and effectively handled are1. Desires, Customers and MarketsThe purpose of business is to anticipate desires of masses and purpose goods and services accordingly to reciprocate them. Let these goods and services so produced be carried effectively to the place of customers. But it is not possible unless businessman produces them at proper time and get ats them available to customers at reasonable set. Hence, timing of intersection and reasonable price. Hence, timing of production and reasonable price of products are important considerations. Further, the intensity of competition existent in the market and the degree of marketing strategies to be adopted also are important points to be considered by a business entrepreneur.2. AvailabilityBusinessmen must assess the source or sources of ceiling as well as the cost at which it is available. For a developing country like ours, obtaining gr eat is not so easy. It is definitely a problem as its availability depends upon will and capacity of mess to save and invest, existence of good capital and money market, and economic and financial policy of the government and so on3. Availability of LabourOperational efficiency of a business enterprise greatly depends upon the availability of ram at a reasonable price. If such manpower in the shape of skilled and unskilled workers is sufficiently available to a business according to its requirement and within reasonable wage rate, it can carry on its activities and expect profit. But to get workers at right time and at right price is not so easy. There are many factors that influence their availability.4. Level of ProductivityProductivity at a reasonable level depends upon how the activities are political platformned, organized, directed and controlled. The use of the latest production techniques, machines, manpower, and motivation and techniques of people to work sincerely and devotedly are some of the requirements to achieve the desired level of productivity.5. Imaginative EntrepreneurshipThe success of an entrepreneur depends upon the quality of his imagination and skill. More he is intelligent, imaginative, and farsighted, more he is effective in grabbing the chance and playing his role in the economic growth and betterment of people.6. Qualified and Capable ManagerThe adapted role of managers has greatly mitigated the efficiency of work operation, reduced cost and enhanced capability to reflexion challenge of competition. The science of management is undergoing a fast improvement in the light of research, study, experiences and observation. Every business enterprise is struggling to avail the benefit of intelligent, qualified, and competent managers.7. Market SizeMarket size of a business depends upon its production policy and programme. If its production target is limited, it will have a small market. On the other hand, if it has a large-scale pr oduction programme, it has to expand its market. Such business enterprises even go to foreign markets. Desire to expand the size of market causes them to adopt new marketing strategies and planned efforts to go as deep to different places as possible and create as many customers as it could be.8. Price Levels and lumpIn case if price level is changing fast, it becomes difficult for a business enterprise to plan its activities that would ensure a reasonable gain. Changing price, levels make the cost of capital, production, distribution, and profit unpredictable and uncertain. But serene then we find entrepreneurs coming up with f send off guess and estimation to make their business operate with better results and survive the vagaries of changing price levels and inflation.9. Government Fiscal and Monetary PolicyGovernment collects revenue through taxes, duties, fees etc, and spends the same on administration, public utilities like roads, bridges, canals, buildings, hospitals etc. Greater burden of taxes imposed by the government on people may reduce their ability to save and could affect investment climate. Similarly, monetary policy, which influences supply of money within the country, does also have its impacts on business activities. Central Bank of the country as controller of credit plays its role to regulate money supply together with the government. brotherly and cultural EnvironmentBusinesses produce goods and services for people who dwell in the society. therefrom the number of people, their age and educational composition has great significance for business. What a person buys or the service he consumes is a construction of his religious and cultural constraints. Thus the cultural religious and ethnic pressures have a vital objective on the affairs of the business.1. Population Growthfor a businessman, population growth presents both opportunities and problems. Opportunities arise from the fact that there are continually more consumers to buy business output and more workers to produce and plow it. Problems are caused by the fact that as more people want and need jobs, businesses must make them available otherwise the society will have to face the menace of unemployment.2. Population penning(a) Age-Wise CompositionDifferent age groups have different demands. Young people are interested in automobiles, musical instruments, sport equipments etc. Older people may be interest in medical thrill and health, food etc.(b) Education StandardAn illiterate population can be easily deceived. deceased are the days of the sellers society. The society where consumers are educated is the buyers society. People can well judge mingled with good and bad and reap the economies of modern technology.(c) Economic StandardsHigher income people can afford to satisfy tastes that people of lower incomes cannot. Thus when the medium family income increases, the market for business products and services also expands.(d) Changing course Oppor tunitiesWith increased investment in human resources, the opportunities to improve fatigue productivity are enhanced. The occupational shifts have been towards professional, technical, managerial jobs and in service industries. The opportunities for farm workers, craftsmen, machine operators etc, is declining substantially.3. Social Attitudes and BeliefsBusinesses have to take into account the attitudes, desires, beliefs, tastes, problems and tradition of the consumers. These aspects vary in individuals, groups and even nations. Americans hold attitudes like respect for all individuals, strong regard for education, trustingness in science and technology, belief in innovation, belief in competition, belief in an environment cleansed of air and water pollution, lovable communities with decent housing, safe streets, efficient transportation, educational and cultural opportunities. Such social beliefs have a considerable impact on business climate.4. PluralismThe society is broken do wn into many kinds of groups consumers, investors, labour organizations, managers, governments bureaucrats and politicians, religious groups, racial groups etc. In all(prenominal)thing that business managers do, they must be warning device to this pluralistic feature of the society. While the existence of so many interest groups tends to complicate business operations, they install a major safeguard against dominance of the society by any single interest group. scientific EnvironmentThere has always been a strong link between business and technology. Any business that wishes to survive in a changing world must be aware of the modern expert changes and also use technology to develop and modernize its products or services, to meet cost competition and to improve marketing. The alert businessman must not only be aware o technological changes bear upon his operations and his customs, he needs to forecast the state of the art so that he will have time to use it successfully before h e finds his products or processes obsolete. This he must also do so that he is the first one to put up a new product at the suitable time in the market and not lag behind which will be a degrading position in the world of competition.Political EnvironmentPolitical environment has a great impact on the establishment, operation, growth and expansion of business. Stable political climate makes things more certain and predictable. businessman fined themselves in a better position to estimate future and plan their business. In other worlds, greater is the political stability, better may be the opportunity for successful business. That is the reason why we often realise flight of capital from the country where there is political instability or where policy of government frequently changes.Legal EnvironmentEvery business is encircled by the laws, regulations, and court decisions of the land. Almost each and every decision made by a businessman should be within the permissible limits of laws and regulations of the country. He should eff that his action or decision might be subjected to a challenge in the court of law. Thus all decisions and steps should be within the framework of the law of the land. This success depends upon how he meets all judicial requirements. We know that in certain cases rules and regulations may be burdensome. But they all aim at creating an tune that is best suited to good conduct of business and protect the interests of customers and workers as well.Social Responsibility in BusinessA large part of an organizations response to its environment is called SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY.Social Responsibility has been defined as the organizations obligation to take actions that protect and improve the wellbeing of the society as a whole, along with advancing its own interests.Basically business is said to hold this responsibility because of its extreme power to influence societal conditions.

Scarlett Letter Sin Essay

The Different Shades of Sins An Irish Proverb states All Sins mildew long shadows. Throughout the novel, The Scarlet Letter, Nathaniel Hawthorne viewed the blunder outs as a spectrum of many colors. The novel revolves around Hester Prynne, who is convicted of adultery in colonial Salem by the Puritan society. For her punishment, she is condemned to wear the red blood-red letter A on her chest as a permanent sign of her sin.Exposing to sin and the temptation of its concealment in bizarre degrees, Nathaniel Hawthorne demonstrated the different shades of sins through the actions of several main characters, Hester Prynne, Arthur Dimmesdale, and Roger Chillingworth. In the beginning of the book, we learn Hester Prynne perpetrate the sin of adultery. Although meant to crush Hesters spirit, she is proud of her sin and becomes a strong, tough minded character. While the origin Hawthorne has Puritan heritage, he portrays Hester as one of the most able of people in Salem because she bl ackleged her sin.While the sacred and high ranking citizens of Salem continue to ridicule her for being and adulteress, many people refused to interpret the scarlet A by its original signification (168). The product of this sin was Hesters daughter off-white. Unlike the federal agency of the Puritans, Hester creates beauty, shining through the gorgeous robes (87) of Pearl, and thus Pearl stands out in crowds. To Hester, her sin was marrying someone she did not love, Roger Chillingworth. In the eyes of Hester and Dimmesdale, they are not the worst sinners in the world.There is one worse than even the soil priest That old mans revenge has been blacker than my sin. He has violated, in cold blood, the sanctity of a human heart. cat valium and I, Hester, never did so (225) Going against the heart is the greatest sin possible to Hester and Dimmesdale and their sin was between 2 people who truly loved each other. Reverend Arthur Dimmesdale is the father of Pearl and the one who comm itted the sin of adultery with Hester. As a man of high power in Salem, he does not confess the sin and the mental guilt would slowly bulge out him.Eventually, his moral force was abased into more than childish helplessness (105) Through the ability Hester has shown and the miserable state of Dimmesdale, Hawthorne shows the power of confessing a sin. In an attempt to escape for their pasts, Hester, Pearl, and Dimmesdale intend to leave Salem. However, Roger Chillingworth, Hesters legal husband, excessively catches a ride on the same boat. Returning to Salem, Hester, Dimmesdale, and Pearl go the scaffold, the place where Hester is originally condemned. In his dieing moments, Dimmesdale confesses his sin in front of the townspeople while also revealing a self inflicted A on his chest.Of all the sinners, Roger Chillingworth was the biggest. First, his sin of marrying a younger women and direct her over sees causes the adultery claim. When he arrives in Salem and learns of this, he commits his biggest sin violating the human heart. Rather than Hesters adultery being her sin, Hawthorne goes against Puritan values by making violating the heart Hesters true sin. At first, Chillingworth asks Hester to speak out the name of thy fellow-sinner and fellow-sufferer (56) When she refuses, Chillingworth becomes an evil man, becoming uglier by the day.This shows that an unconfessed sin will kill you. Eventually, he becomes aware of the adultery with Hester and becomes Dimmesdales leech. After Dimmesdale dies, Chillingworth dies because he has no reason to live anymore. base on Puritan beliefs, sin is an inescapable aspect of life. Hawthorne shows that Dimmesdale and Chillingworth both die because of their hidden sin. Contrary to this Hester, who confessed, lives a long, happy life. Since sin is inescapable, the only way to make up for it is by confessing or else the sin mush shadow you forever.

Conflict of Parents and Teens

The most common issue in our world straightaway is the conflict between parents and teen hop onrs. However, it is more than just conflict. What was once a sort of a B.F.F. relationship is at one time sour and bitter full of arguments and sometimes fights The arguing becomes an everyday thing and the parent nor is the child sufficient to prevent it. It becomes natural to both. With that in mind, yes it is conflict, but its non forever just temporary.Ask yourself a question about the situation Why are the teenage years more difficult with parents? Well, entirely because the teenage years are when teens seek identity and parents majority come in-between it. In the enclose time, 13 years old is when everything goes downhill for the relationship. We start becoming more rebellious, the back-talking starts, conflict problems with other teens, absentminded to be independent and unfortunately its good-bye to the video games and hello to the parties All of this at only age 13. Can you i magine what the next 5 years will be?When a person reaches his or her physical maturity, there is also a change in your mental state as well(p) as physical. We mature much earlier now days. There is no longer a assure between our demand for independence, and our ability to actually be independent Our teenage bodies and minds are screaming I am ready to be independent I inadequacy to make my own decisions I want to be my own boss Your parents and society are screaming back at you, You are not ready to be independent thus far You have not learned what you need to know yet You cannot support yourself You do not yet fully understand the dangers in this world You are not grown . . . . And in the end they are right. We struggle with this unnatural situation.Referencehttp//www.livestrong.com/article/7895-conflict-between-parents-teenagers-/

It has to be a article on english language learners Essay

It has to be a denomination on english language learners - Essay ExampleThe article pointed to some literature about semantic processing between monolinguals and bilinguals and the assumption that bilinguals are as adept as monolinguals when it comes to conceptual processing of tasks much(prenominal) as picture naming.The study conducted an experiment by recruiting 31 side-speaking monolinguals and 31 Spanish slope bilinguals from the University of San Diego. One hundred eighty pictures were shown to the participants to determine which group performed better at naming pictures. The method for interpreting the data used ANOVA analysis. The authors proposed that bilinguals primarily differ from monolinguals when they name pictures in their dominant language overdue to the degree of experience that they have had with picture names particular to that language ( p.8). Nevertheless, the study is non that definitive since repetition and attenuation must be thoroughly considered in fu rther experiments.In conclusion, the authors ideas may be considered by early education teachers of the position language to bilingual students . This study canful be helpful in understanding the learning needs of bilingual students specially those who belong to marginalized groups. thither is no need for a change in policy but a better orientation for English teachers. I highly suggest that this study be a required reading for English teachers so that curriculum would be attuned to the needs of the learners.The second article is titled Assessing the Advantages of Bilingualism for the Children of Immigrants1 by Tanya Golash-Bolza. The article was create in the journal Internal Migration Review in 2005. The purpose of the study is to examine whether or not children of immigrants in the United States benefit from being bilingual. These analyses reveal whether there are costs to resisting linguistic socialisation or if it makes no difference at all so long as students attain Engl ish proficiency. More specifically, this study addresses whether